氧氟沙星-壳聚糖-明胶共混膜的制备及表征

制备了壳聚糖 明胶共混膜 ,测定了壳聚糖 明胶共混膜的抗张强度 ,并以抗张强度最大的壳聚糖 明胶共混膜为载体 ,氧氟沙星为模型药物制得具有抗菌性能的氧氟沙星 -壳聚糖 -明胶共混膜。通过红外光谱 (FT -IR) ,X射线衍射 (X ray) ,扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)表征了共混膜的特性。结果表明 :明胶质量分数为 2 5 %时 ,壳聚糖 明胶共混膜的抗张强度最大 ,达 5 5MPa。壳聚糖、明胶、氧氟沙星三者在共混膜中有很好的相容性 ,并且形成了分子间氢键     

转谷氨酰胺酶改性对明胶耐酶解性的影响

以转谷氨酰胺酶改性明胶的耐酶解性为关注点,通过单因素试验和均匀设计试验研究转谷氨酰胺酶浓度、改性pH值、改性温度和改性时间等因素对改性明胶耐酶解性的影响。通过均匀试验得到的最优改性条件为:转谷氨酰胺酶质量浓度为0.20 g/L,改性pH 6.0,改性温度44℃,改性时间35 min。与未改性明胶相比较,改性明胶的耐酶解能力提高了14.44%。本研究结果表明转谷氨酰胺酶改性可以显著提高明胶的耐酶解能力。     

凝胶淀粉的制备与应用研究

采用玉米凝胶淀粉的中试产品，作果冻胶凝剂，冰淇淋、发酵乳酸饮料等的增稠稳定剂。试验表明：玉米凝胶淀粉具有良好的凝胶性能，可替代明胶、羧甲基纤维素钠等作胶凝剂和增稠稳定剂。     

几种常用酸碱盐对明胶透明度和黏度的影响

研究了明胶提取过程中 ,几种常用酸碱盐对明胶透明度和黏度的影响。结果表明 :柠檬酸、硫酸和氢氧化钠用量的增加 ,明胶的透明度先降到最低点而后上升 ;其它材料用量增加 ,明胶的透明度下降。明胶的黏度随氢氧化钠用量的增加而下降 ,随氧化镁用量的增加而升高 ,碳酸钙和氢氧化钙用量的变化对明胶黏度影响不大。而酸用量对明胶黏度的影响比较复杂 ,其变化趋势与明胶的等电点有关。在等电点之前 ,黏度随着硫酸用量的增加而升高 ,随着柠檬酸用量的增加先降而后升 ;在等电点之后 ,黏度随着硫酸和柠檬酸用量的增加而下降     

Impact of divalent salts and bovine gelatin on gel properties of phosphorylated gelatin from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket

The impact of zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) as well as bovine gelatin (BG) on the gel strength of phosphorylated fish gelatin (PFG) from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket was investigated. The gel strength of PFG increased with increasing concentrations of ZnCl₂ and CaCl₂ (2.5–40 μmol L⁻¹). A higher gel strength was observed with CaCl₂, compared with ZnCl₂. The gel strength of PFG with 20 μmol L⁻¹ CaCl₂ increased by 15.7%, compared to the control gel. Nevertheless, at higher concentration (40 μmol L⁻¹) of both salts, gel strength of PFG decreased. Hardness of gels decreased with increasing PFG content (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, no differences in hardness were found amongst gels with BG/PFG ratios of 4:0 and 3:1 (P ≥ 0.05). Thus, PFG could be used in combination with CaCl₂ to substitute for BG at a level of 25%.     

Characterization of edible film fabricated with channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) gelatin extract using selected pretreatment methods

ABSTRACT:  Farm-raised catfish are important to the economy of the southeastern states in the United States, and catfish processing produces about 55% of by-products for inexpensive sale. Therefore, the utilization of catfish by-products is of great interest to the catfish industry. The objectives of this research were to determine the optimum pretreatment method to extract catfish gelatin for edible film application, and to characterize physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of edible films fabricated with catfish skin gelatin. Catfish skins obtained from a local plant were treated with 6 selected pretreatment methods. The main extraction was performed with deionized water at 50 °C after pretreatment. The gelatin yield was calculated and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to characterize molecular weight (MW) profile. Color, tensile strength (TS), elongation, and water barrier property were determined to characterize the fabricated catfish gelatin films. From the results of gelatin yield, color, SDS-PAGE, as well as mechanical and barrier properties of the film, the pretreatment method with 0.25 M NaOH and 0.09 M acetic acid, followed by extraction at 50 °C for 3 h, was determined as the optimum extraction method. The catfish gelatin exhibited higher MW fractions than commercial mammalian gelatin. The catfish gelatin extracts possessed film-forming properties determined by TS, elongation, and water vapor permeability (WVP) comparable to those of commercial mammalian gelatin. The selected formula for catfish gelatin film was determined as 1% gelatin and 20% glycerol, resulting in greatest TS and lowest WVP.     

动物明胶中3种DNA提取方法的比较研究

基于DNA水平的分子生物学检测方法,因其高特异性、高灵敏度且简便快速等优点,成为明胶动物来源鉴别检测的有效方法。但明胶的特殊加工工艺给DNA的提取带来了一定的困难。研究中选取了牛皮明胶、牛骨明胶和猪皮明胶等不同动物品种和不同动物组织来源的明胶产品,采用了试剂盒法、蛋白沉淀法和裂解抽提法等3种DNA提取方法,从DNA提取质量、提取效率及明胶动物种类来源PCR扩增等方面对3种方法进行了比较。研究结果表明,裂解抽提法所提取的明胶中的DNA质量优于前2种方法,且适合于进一步的PCR扩增检测,是适合于明胶DNA提取的有效方法。     

基于明胶硬胶囊性能评价的明胶—普鲁兰复合膜研究

制备了明胶—普鲁兰复合膜,通过测定复合膜的性质来指导评价硬胶囊的性能、优化硬胶囊囊材配比及降低其脆碎性和水蒸气透过系数(WVP),并通过透光率、傅立叶红外光谱、扫描电镜来表征明胶与普鲁兰的相容性。结果表明:甘油添加量为10%(干基百分比),明胶/普鲁兰质量比为91时,可用于明胶硬胶囊的共混改性。相比明胶膜,上述条件下制备的复合膜的WVP降低了26%,低湿环境下的断裂延伸率提高了1.19倍,复合膜中明胶与普鲁兰分子间具有良好的相容性,因此机械性能稳定性增强,WVP降低。     

喷雾干燥入口温度对大目金枪鱼皮明胶乳化特性的影响

研究不同喷雾干燥入口温度（130、160、190 ℃）对大目金枪鱼皮明胶乳化特性的影响。通过乳析指数和乳液微观结构评价乳化效果,通过表面疏水性和凝胶强度评价不同乳液界面与连续相的差异,通过明胶分子质量分布和红外光谱初步分析喷雾干燥入口温度影响明胶乳化特性的机制。结果表明,随着喷雾干燥入口温度的升高,明胶的高分子质量亚基被过度破坏,降低了三螺旋结构的完整性,从而导致更多的亲水性氨基酸被暴露,进而降低了凝胶强度（851.29～676.65 g）和表面疏水性（218.81～82.96）,表面疏水性的降低不利于明胶在油-水界面的吸附及网络结构的形成,明胶凝胶强度的降低表明乳液连续相中网络结构变得松散,最终表现为明胶乳液的液滴粒径和乳析指数增大,乳液稳定性降低。由此可见,当前研究的喷雾干燥入口温度（130、160、190 ℃）与乳液稳定性呈负相关,利用喷雾干燥制备乳化型鱼皮明胶,入口温度不宜过高,130 ℃时效果更佳。     

两种新型增强剂的协同作用

本文研究了两种新型造纸助剂--阴离子改性明胶和阳离子PAM乳液作为纸张增强剂的协同应用效果.结果表明,在合适的条件下它们对麦草浆既有较好的增强效果,同时还能改善浆料的留着和滤水性能.